5 SIMPLE TECHNIQUES FOR PPLN CRYSTAL

The mechanism for GRIIRA originates from the creation of polarons from crystal defects for example, Nb ions occupying Li ion internet sites (often called antisite defects), and Fe ion impurities. Doping lithium niobate with MgO lowers the onset of GRIIRA, mainly because it enables Mg ions to replace the Nb antisite defects.GWU-Lasertechnik presents